SBS Thermoplastic Elastomer Based on Dynamic Metal-Ligand Bond: Structure,Mechanical Properties,and Shape Memory Behavior

A Cooper(II) (Cu²⁺)-nitrogen coordination-crosslinked network is designed in poly(styrene-co-butadiene-co-styrene) (SBS) to change commercial elastomers into advanced soft materials. Herein, ligand groups into SBS molecular chains by the 3,6-di(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (DPT) click reaction are first introduced. The results from fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are verified the successful modification of SBS. The DPT-grafted SBS could then coordinate with copper sulfate (CuSO₄) to form a Cu²⁺-nitrogen bond, which is further characterized using FT-IR, XPS, atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, and geometric structure calculations. After modifying SBS to form an SBS-DPT/CuSO₄ composite (SBS-DPT2-Cu10), the tensile stress is improved from 11.43 to 23.25 MPa, while the elongation at break is remained almost unchanged, and the corresponding toughness is increased from 33.21 to 63.26 MJ m^–3. Moreover, the dynamic nature of the Cu²⁺-nitrogen coordination bonds enables the SBS-DPT/CuSO₄ composite to exhibit sustained thermoplastic performance and excellent shape memory behavior under an external thermal stimulus.     

面向分拣机器人的珍珠形状视觉检测方法

针对人工进行珍珠形状分拣效率低、精度不稳定等问题,提出基于机器视觉的珍珠形状检测方法;采用背光成像方式消除珍珠表面纹理和光泽的影响,对获取的珍珠图像进行同态滤波等预处理算法,提高图像对比度;为了解决相互接触珍珠影响珍珠轮廓提取的问题,采用分水岭算法对珍珠图像进行分割,得到了独立存在的珍珠个体,再通过连通域标记、质心算法对珍珠进行定位;根据国家标准对珍珠形状的规定,基于珍珠图像信息建立珍珠形状参数模型,对珍珠形状进行量化;实验结果表明,不同形状的珍珠样本的检测误差为0.63%,形状统计精度为100%,算法耗时24 ms;该方法可准确高效地对珍珠进行分拣分级,具有一定的实用价值。     

Investigation of the ultimate particle size distribution of a carbonate sand

A series of ring shear tests were conducted to investigate the ultimate particle size distribution of a carbonate sand. The tests were carried out under different stress levels, on three types of specimens: 1) uniformly graded specimens made of dry natural sand 2) remoulded specimens of the crushed sand after first shearing to large strains 3) specimens made of natural sand grains but with the same grading as in (2). The first series of tests on type (1), carried out to very large strains, led to apparently stable gradings, distinct for each stress level. Only limited additional particle breakage could be induced by remoulding the specimens after shearing (type (2)) and subjecting them to more shearing. Tests on specimens created at the apparently stable gradings (type (3)) but from the intact sand particles however led to significantly greater breakage. For the three types a stable, fractal grading was achieved. Analyses of the soil particles’ shape showed that the aspect ratio, sphericity and circularity reach a steady value at large strains, in parallel to reaching a stable grading. The mobilized angle of shearing resistance however was not significantly different in the different types of samples, suggesting the final grading dominates the behaviour.     

Study of Brinkman–Bènard nanofluid convection with idealistic and realistic boundary conditions and by considering the effects of shape of nanoparticles

This study deals with linear and weakly non-linear stability analyses of Brinkman–Bènard convection in nanoliquid-saturated porous enclosures. Water with a dilute concentration of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles with 0.06 volume fraction and 30% glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate as a porous medium with porosity 0.88 are considered to be a working medium. The analytical solution is obtained in the present study for idealistic and realistic boundary conditions, and their results are compared. An analytically intractable Lorenz model with quadratic nonlinearities is reduced to a tractable Ginzburg–Landau amplitude equation with cubic nonlinearity using the multiscale method. Nanoparticles with different shapes are considered in the study, and their effects on the onset and heat transfer are discussed in great detail graphically in the presence of other parameters arising in the problem.     

Interval analysis of mode shapes to identify damage in beam structures

Various damage detection methods have been proposed by several researchers in the past few decades. Amongst them, the efficiency of mode shapes in detecting damage has been demonstrated by many researchers when further processed. In most cases, the processing involves expansion or reduction of the mode shape data. However, vital information that are damage-prints are often lost during processing of the mode shape data. In addition, most of these processes involve long and complex computation, thus, leading to inaccurate damage identification. In this study, a simple and fast damage identification technique is proposed to identify damage in beam structures. Interval analysis is applied to the mode shapes of a beam structure in the damaged and undamaged states. The interval situations of each of the beam's segment via mode shape are derived to obtain the upper and lower bounds and the derived bounds are compared. To establish a relationship for identify the damaged point, a possibility of damage existence is defined for each segment of the beam structure. The mode shape increment is defined as the increase in the mode shape value. Furthermore, a damage measure index that provide enhance damage information is obtained as the product of the possibility of damage existence and mode shape increment. A numerical model of a simply supported steel beam is applied to demonstrate this method by imposing damage through thickness reduction of elements in segments. In addition, a parametric analysis is carried out to evaluate noise effect by considering varying damage severities and different noise levels. The results showed that this method is simple and provides considerable accurate results.     

A robust locating multi-optima approach for damage identification of plate-like structures

This paper proposes a robust optimization approach for multiple damage identification of plate-like structures. Different from traditional particle swarm optimizations (PSOs), a combined PSO and niche technique (NPSO) is proposed to solve multimodal optimization problems, with the full consideration of subswarm creation, merging and absorbing mechanism. As a hypersensitive parameter to damage, the curvature mode shape is adopted to construct the objective function. Case studies are conducted to investigate the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm on multi-damage identification. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits robust search performance on identifying damage locations accurately with good convergence behavior. It is hoped that this study can provide guidance on robust damage detection, especially when the structure is subject to multiple damages and external disturbances.     

壁电流探测器在中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器调束中的应用

快循环同步加速器（RCS）是中国散裂中子源（CSNS）的重要组成部分。负氢粒子束经直线加速器加速至80 MeV，剥离成质子束注入至RCS环并加速累积至1.6 GeV引出打靶。束流通过安装在RCS环的壁电流探测器（WCM）感应得到束流的强度信息，环高频与环主二极磁铁的失配会导致束流的实际振荡偏离理论预测。本文通过对WCM的数据进行分析得到了纵向工作点、束流的实际振荡频率、束团的电荷量、束团的形状变化等信息，方便了加速器的调束，并对参数测量中的测量误差进行了分析。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密砂岩储层微观孔喉特征差异及其成因

为分析不同沉积与成岩作用改造下致密砂岩储层的孔喉类型及其参数差异，利用物性、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、恒速压汞、图像粒度与X衍射实验结果，对比了鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长8储层和薛岔地区延长组长6储层的孔喉类型，定量评价了孔喉参数，揭示了形成原因。结果表明，合水地区长8储层孔隙更为发育，粒间孔、溶蚀孔、晶间孔和微孔、弱压实成因缩颈状喉道和溶蚀成因、粘土胶结成因管束状喉道含量高；薛岔地区长6储层的孔隙类型少且发育程度较差，压实成因片状、弯片状喉道含量高。两个区块的孔隙参数差异小，喉道参数差异大，前者大喉道更为发育，喉道差异大，孔喉比大，对渗透率起贡献的喉道分布范围更宽。相同渗透率条件下，前者的平均喉道半径、主流喉道半径和孔喉比大于后者。沉积水动力条件、粒度、碎屑组分、填隙物、成岩作用类型及其改造程度是两个研究区孔隙发育程度不同、喉道类型差异和孔喉参数表现出不同特征的主要原因。     

Maximum dry density test to quantify pumice content in natural soils

Crushable volcanic soils are well-known for their distinctive texture, vesicular nature and grain fragility. These features of volcanic soils lead to difficulty in interpreting the results of laboratory and field testing because of the occurrence of particle crushing. Sands containing pumice particles are commonly found in the Hamilton Basin in the North Island of New Zealand. The pumice particles originated from a series of volcanic eruptions centered in the Taupo and Rotorua regions. As a result of flooding and erosion along the Waikato River, the pumice particles have become mixed with other materials and have been distributed over the Hamilton Basin; these mixtures are referred to herein as natural pumiceous (NP) sands. This paper initially investigates an appropriate technique for measuring the maximum dry density (MDD) of NP sands; then a modified MDD test is proposed for estimating the pumice contents of these sands. In order to examine the applicability of different standard methods for determining MDD, New Zealand and Japanese standards are employed. The results using the Japanese standard show consistent MDD values when repeating the tests due to negligible particle crushing. On the other hand, the results of MDD tests according to the New Zealand standard indicate that a significant amount of particle crushing occurs after each repeated test and, consequently, it is not possible to get the same result when the test is repeated. NP sands reach their ultimate potential breakage during the modified MDD tests (at least, for the level of loading applied) and they experience different levels of particle crushing which may be a function of their pumice content. As a way forward, the relative breakages of the materials tested are used to estimate the pumice contents of the NP sands.